Native Habitat:
Cool, moist forests, streambanks, seeps, and shaded montane habitats across northern and western North America, including moist forested areas of the Willamette Valley and Cascade foothills. Prefers rich, humus-laden soils with consistent moisture.
 
Bloom Time:
June – August
 
Growth Habit & Mature Size:
Low-growing perennial herb, 4–12 inches tall, forming loose colonies by slender rhizomes. Features opposite, ovate to heart-shaped leaves and delicate, two-petaled white to pale pink flowers on fine stems. Produces small, bristly fruits that readily attach to fur and clothing.
 
Light & Soil Requirements:
Partial shade to full shade; thrives in moist, organically rich, well-drained soils. Prefers cool woodland conditions and does not tolerate prolonged drying.
 
Willamette Valley Native Companion Plants:
Polystichum munitum, Athyrium filix-femina, Tolmiea menziesii, Tellima grandiflora, Tiarella trifoliata, Viola glabella.
 
Urban Garden Function:
Provides subtle groundcover, fine texture, and woodland authenticity in shaded urban gardens, riparian plantings, and moist forest understory designs. Ideal for filling in beneath shrubs and ferns where consistent moisture is available.
 
Wildlife Supported:
Flowers attract small native bees and flies. Foliage and groundcover habit create shelter and microhabitats for insects and small invertebrates in moist woodland settings.
 
Historical Use:
Primarily valued ecologically and ornamentally for its role in native woodland plantings. Its sticky fruits historically contributed to natural seed dispersal by wildlife.