Native Habitat:
Open meadows, prairies, and forest edges across North America, including the Willamette Valley foothills.
 
Bloom Time:
July – September
 
Growth Habit & Mature Size:
Perennial herb forming upright clumps, 1–3 feet tall, with clusters of small, white, papery flowers that persist well into fall.
 
Light & Soil Requirements:
Full sun to partial shade; well-drained soils; tolerates dry, rocky, or sandy conditions.
 
Willamette Valley Native Companion Plants:
Achillea millefolium, Eriophyllum lanatum, Sidalcea campestris, Camassia quamash, Festuca roemeri.
 
Urban Garden Function:
Adds long-lasting vertical and textural interest to urban meadows, pollinator gardens, and low-maintenance perennial borders. Its airy white flower clusters provide a visual focal point and contrast with green foliage, making it ideal for small parks, habitat gardens, or roadside plantings. Excellent for sustainable landscapes, xeriscaping, and naturalized planting schemes that emphasize seasonal structure and resilience.
 
Wildlife Supported:
Attracts butterflies such as monarchs (Danaus plexippus), skippers, and native bees. Seed heads provide winter food for finches and small songbirds, while the foliage offers cover for ground-dwelling insects.
 
Historical Use:
Flowers and leaves used by Indigenous peoples for medicinal teas, smudge sticks, and as decorative elements.