Native Habitat:
Moist, shaded forests, streambanks, and forest understories in western North America, including the Willamette Valley. Prefers cool, protected sites with rich, humus-laden soils.
 
Bloom Time:
June – August
 
Growth Habit & Mature Size:
Perennial herb, 6–18 inches tall, with creeping rhizomes and paired, ovate leaves. Produces small, delicate white flowers along slender stems.
 
Light & Soil Requirements:
Partial to full shade; moist, rich, well-drained soils high in organic matter.
 
Willamette Valley Native Companion Plants:
Tolmiea menziesii, Polystichum munitum, Athyrium filix-femina, Adiantum pedatum, Oxalis oregana.
 
Urban Garden Function:
Ideal as a low-growing understory groundcover in shaded urban gardens, woodland-inspired landscapes, and rain gardens. Its delicate foliage and tiny flowers provide soft texture and seasonal interest in shaded corners, along paths, or beneath larger shrubs and trees. Works well in layered plantings with ferns and shade-tolerant perennials.
 
Wildlife Supported:
Flowers attract small native bees and flies. Foliage and rhizomes provide cover for soil invertebrates and microfauna.
 
Historical Use:
Used by Indigenous peoples in minor medicinal applications and occasionally for decorative or ceremonial purposes.