Native Habitat:
Open woodlands, meadows, and forest edges throughout North America, including the Willamette Valley. Prefers well-drained soils and sunny to partially shaded sites.
 
Bloom Time:
April – June
 
Growth Habit & Mature Size:
Perennial herb, low-growing (4–12 inches tall), spreading via runners to form mats. Produces trifoliate leaves and small white flowers, followed by sweet red berries.
 
Light & Soil Requirements:
Full sun to partial shade; thrives in well-drained loamy or sandy soils. Tolerates moderate drought once established.
 
Willamette Valley Native Companion Plants:
Festuca roemeri, Camassia quamash, Achillea millefolium, Eriophyllum lanatum, Sidalcea campestris.
 
Urban Garden Function:
Provides low-growing groundcover, seasonal flowers, and edible fruit in urban meadows, woodland gardens, and naturalized landscapes. Works well in layered plantings, pollinator gardens, and habitat-focused urban plantings. Adds texture, seasonal interest, and ecological function to garden spaces.
 
Wildlife Supported:
Flowers attract native bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. Berries provide food for birds, small mammals, and insects. Dense mats offer shelter for ground-dwelling arthropods.
 
Historical Use:
Fruit and leaves were traditionally consumed by Indigenous peoples and early settlers; valued for food production, medicinal uses, and ornamental plantings.