Native Habitat:
Moist, shaded forests, forest edges, and subalpine understories in western North America, including the Willamette Valley. Prefers rich, well-drained soils with high organic matter.
 
Bloom Time:
June – August
 
Growth Habit & Mature Size:
Low-growing perennial orchid, 6–12 inches tall, with rosettes of oblong, veined leaves. Produces slender stems topped with small, white to greenish-white flowers arranged in spike-like racemes.
 
Light & Soil Requirements:
Partial to full shade; thrives in moist, rich, well-drained soils. Prefers consistently damp conditions and humus-rich substrates.
 
Willamette Valley Native Companion Plants:
Polystichum munitum, Tolmiea menziesii, Athyrium filix-femina, Adiantum pedatum, Camassia leichtlinii.
 
Urban Garden Function:
Adds delicate texture, evergreen foliage, and subtle floral interest to shaded urban gardens, woodland-inspired plantings, and rain gardens. Works well as an understory plant beneath trees and shrubs, providing layered planting structure and seasonal bloom interest.
 
Wildlife Supported:
Flowers attract small native bees and flies. Leaves and rosettes provide shelter for insects and small invertebrates.
 
Historical Use:
Used by Indigenous peoples for minor medicinal purposes and valued ornamentally in shaded and woodland-inspired gardens.