Native Habitat:
Moist meadows, forest edges, streambanks, and open slopes in western North America, including the Willamette Valley. Prefers rich, well-drained soils.
 
Bloom Time:
June – August
 
Growth Habit & Mature Size:
Perennial herb, 4–8 feet tall, with large, lobed leaves and stout stems. Produces large umbrella-like clusters (umbels) of small white flowers.
 
Light & Soil Requirements:
Full sun to partial shade; thrives in moist, fertile soils. Tolerates seasonal wetness but prefers consistently damp conditions.
 
Willamette Valley Native Companion Plants:
Camassia leichtlinii, Achillea millefolium, Sidalcea campestris, Eriophyllum lanatum, Festuca roemeri.
 
Urban Garden Function:
Adds dramatic vertical structure, bold foliage, and summer floral interest to urban meadows, pollinator gardens, and riparian plantings. Works well in layered native plantings and habitat-focused landscapes, providing shelter and nectar for pollinators.
 
Wildlife Supported:
Flowers attract native bees, butterflies, and flies. Dense foliage provides cover for insects and small invertebrates. Stems and leaves offer shelter for larger insects and small mammals.
 
Historical Use:
Used by Indigenous peoples for medicinal purposes and as a food source (young stems and leaf stalks), though care was required due to skin irritation from sap.