Native Habitat:
Rocky slopes, cliffs, and open forests in western North America, including the Willamette Valley. Prefers well-drained, rocky or loamy soils with partial shade.
 
Bloom Time:
May – July
 
Growth Habit & Mature Size:
Perennial herb, 1–2 feet tall, with basal rosettes of rounded or lobed leaves. Produces slender stems topped with small, greenish to whitish flowers in loose clusters.
 
Light & Soil Requirements:
Partial shade to full shade; thrives in well-drained soils rich in organic matter. Tolerates seasonal dryness once established.
 
Willamette Valley Native Companion Plants:
Polystichum munitum, Tolmiea menziesii, Athyrium filix-femina, Adiantum pedatum, Camassia leichtlinii.
 
Urban Garden Function:
Adds textural foliage, subtle floral interest, and seasonal color to shaded urban gardens, woodland-inspired landscapes, and rain gardens. Works well as an understory plant beneath trees and shrubs, providing layered planting structure and early summer blooms.
 
Wildlife Supported:
Flowers attract small native bees and flies. Foliage provides shelter for insects and ground-dwelling invertebrates.
 
Historical Use:
Used by Indigenous peoples for minor medicinal purposes and valued ornamentally in shaded and naturalized gardens.