Native Habitat:
Moist forests, streambanks, and shaded ravines of the Pacific Northwest, including the western slopes of the Willamette Valley. Prefers cool, shaded environments with rich, moist soils.
 
Bloom Time:
May – July
 
Growth Habit & Mature Size:
Large deciduous shrub, 3–10 feet tall, with stout, spiny stems and broad, maple-like leaves. Produces clusters of small, greenish-white flowers followed by bright red berries in late summer.
 
Light & Soil Requirements:
Partial to full shade; thrives in moist, humus-rich, well-drained soils. Prefers cool, protected sites with consistent moisture.
 
Willamette Valley Native Companion Plants:
Polystichum munitum, Tolmiea menziesii, Athyrium filix-femina, Acer circinatum, Cornus sericea.
 
Urban Garden Function:
Adds dramatic texture, vertical structure, and seasonal color to shaded urban gardens and woodland landscapes. Ideal for restoration projects, native habitat gardens, and moist, shaded corners where its architectural form can shine.
 
Wildlife Supported:
Flowers attract small native bees and flies. Berries are eaten by birds and small mammals. Dense, spiny stems provide shelter and protection for nesting birds and small wildlife.
 
Historical Use:
Highly valued by Indigenous peoples for medicinal and ceremonial uses, including as a tonic and remedy for various ailments. Modern interest includes its ecological value in stabilizing moist slopes and enriching forest biodiversity.