Native Habitat:
Dry grasslands, rocky slopes, and open sandy areas in the inland Pacific Northwest, occasionally extending into drier zones of the Willamette Valley. 
 
Bloom Time:
May – July
 
Growth Habit & Mature Size:
Low-growing, clump-forming cactus, 4–10 inches tall, spreading up to several feet wide. Fleshy pads are covered with spines and produce large, showy yellow flowers that develop into reddish-purple fruit.
 
Light & Soil Requirements:
Full sun; thrives in sandy, gravelly, or rocky soils with excellent drainage. Extremely drought-tolerant and intolerant of prolonged wet conditions.
 
Willamette Valley Native Companion Plants:
Eriophyllum lanatum, Festuca idahoensis, Lupinus micranthus, Achillea millefolium, Sedum oreganum.
 
Urban Garden Function:
Provides striking form, texture, and seasonal color in xeric and pollinator-friendly urban gardens. Excellent for rock gardens, dry slopes, and drought-resilient landscape designs emphasizing native flora and water efficiency.
 
Wildlife Supported:
Flowers attract native bees and butterflies. Fruits are eaten by birds and small mammals. Pads may offer refuge for insects and ground-nesting species.
 
Historical Use:
Used by Indigenous peoples for food and medicinal purposes; pads and fruit were prepared for sustenance and healing. Today valued for its resilience, architectural beauty, and ability to support pollinators in dryland gardens.