Native Habitat:
Moist forests, shaded slopes, and riparian areas.
 
Bloom Time:
April – June
 
Growth Habit & Mature Size:
Perennial herb, 12–24 inches tall, with erect stems and alternate, lance-shaped leaves. Produces nodding, bell-shaped, pale green to yellowish flowers, often followed by orange to red berries.
 
Light & Soil Requirements:
Partial to full shade; thrives in moist, humus-rich, well-drained soils. Prefers consistently shaded, cool environments.
 
Willamette Valley Native Companion Plants:
Polystichum munitum, Tolmiea menziesii, Athyrium filix-femina, Adiantum pedatum, Camassia leichtlinii.
 
Urban Garden Function:
Adds delicate vertical structure, subtle floral interest, and seasonal berries to shaded urban gardens, woodland-inspired landscapes, and naturalized plantings. Works well as an understory plant, enhancing habitat and layered native garden designs.
 
Wildlife Supported:
Flowers attract native bees and small pollinators. Berries provide food for birds and small mammals. Dense foliage offers shelter for insects and ground-dwelling wildlife.
 
Historical Use:
Used by Indigenous peoples for minor medicinal purposes; valued ornamentally for shaded and woodland-style garden plantings.