Native Habitat:
Open forests, forest edges, and rocky slopes.
 
Bloom Time:
March – May
 
Growth Habit & Mature Size:
Deciduous shrub or small tree, 15–30 feet tall, with spreading branches and ovate, finely serrated leaves. Produces clusters of fragrant white flowers in spring, followed by small red to purple fruits.
 
Light & Soil Requirements:
Full sun to partial shade; thrives in well-drained sandy, loamy, or rocky soils. Tolerates seasonal dryness and moderate moisture fluctuations.
 
Willamette Valley Native Companion Plants:
Cornus sericea, Holodiscus discolor, Camassia leichtlinii, Tolmiea menziesii, Achlys triphylla.
 
Urban Garden Function:
Provides seasonal flowers, wildlife-friendly fruits, and vertical structure in urban gardens, naturalized landscapes, and layered native plantings. Works well as a specimen tree, in hedgerows, or in woodland-inspired garden designs.
 
Wildlife Supported:
Flowers attract native bees and other pollinators. Fruits are eaten by birds and small mammals. Dense branching offers shelter and nesting habitat for birds and insects.
 
Historical Use:
Berries and bark were used by Indigenous peoples for food, medicinal, and dye purposes. Valued ornamentally for spring flowers, wildlife support, and ecological benefits in naturalized and restoration plantings.