Native Habitat:
Moist forests, shaded slopes, and riparian areas.
 
Bloom Time:
April – July
 
Growth Habit & Mature Size:
Perennial herb, 6–18 inches tall, forming basal rosettes with fleshy, rounded to heart-shaped leaves. Produces small, greenish flowers in clusters, often with tiny plantlets forming at leaf bases.
 
Light & Soil Requirements:
Partial to full shade; thrives in moist, humus-rich, well-drained soils. Prefers consistently damp, shaded conditions.
 
Willamette Valley Native Companion Plants:
Polystichum munitum, Athyrium filix-femina, Adiantum pedatum, Tiarella trifoliata, Camassia leichtlinii.
 
Urban Garden Function:
Provides low-growing foliage, delicate flowers, and a unique cascading form with plantlets for layered texture in shaded urban gardens, woodland-inspired landscapes, and naturalized plantings. Works well as an understory groundcover or layered planting beneath shrubs and trees.
 
Wildlife Supported:
Flowers attract small native bees and flies. Dense foliage and basal plantlets provide shelter for insects and ground-dwelling invertebrates.
 
Historical Use:
Used ornamentally for its unusual foliage and self-propagating habit; valued in shaded, woodland-style, and naturalized gardens for layered structure and ecological function.